Medications in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Medications in Nursing - Essay Example 228). As a nondepolarizing agent, this drug causes skeletal muscle paralysis by blocking the myoneural junction, interfering acetylcholine’s bid for cholinergic receptor sites and then binding with the nicotinic cholinergic receptor at the postjunctional membrane (Stoelting and Miller, 2007). Unlike other depolarizing agents however, vecuronium does not have much agonist activity and has no depolarizing impact at the motor endplate (McEvoy, et.al., 2009). As a muscle relaxant, this drug acts first on the eyelids and the jaw, then acts on the limbs, the abdomen, and then the diaphragm and the intercostals (Bledsoe, Clayden, and Papa, 2005). Adverse reactions of the drug may include skeletal muscle weakness and prolonged respiratory insufficiency or apnea (NDH, 2006). The intubating dose of 0.1mg/kg is sufficient to create intubating conditions within 3 minutes with effects lasting up to 45 minutes (Kovacs and Law, 2008). Co-administration with antibiotics can enhance neuromuscu lar blockade, thereby also causing increased muscle relaxation and increasing the potency of the drug (NDH, 2006). Using the drug with opioid analgesics can also increase neuromuscular blockade, thereby also causing increased skeletal muscle relaxation. ... This drug also acts on the CNS to improve the vagal tone, thereby, slowing the conduction through the nodes and thereby ensuring antiarrhythmic effect (NDH, 2006). Digoxin has a significant role in reducing ventricular rate in supraventricular arrhythmias in atrial fibrillations; hence it is the better drug choice for Mr. Jian. It can however cause fatigue, muscle weakness, agitation, headache, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea (NDH, 2006). In relation to other drugs, co-administration with verapamil and quinidine can increase the blood digoxin levels and provoke atrioventricular block; administering it with diuretics can cause hypokalemia which can increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias (Berger, 2010). This drug is not advised for those with hypersensitivity to digoxin, for those with digitalis-induced toxicity, ventricular fibrillation, or ventricular tachycardia (NDH, 2006). For the nurse, there are various nursing precautions which should be considered in the administration of digoxin. After administration of the drug, the nurse needs to monitor Mr. Jian’s pulse rate because extreme slowing of the pulse may indicate digitalis toxicity (NDH, 2006). The nurse also needs to monitor the patient’s potassium levels carefully and take appropriate action before hypokalemia occurs. Before the drug is administered, the nurse needs to take the apical-radial pulse for 1 minute. She then needs to notify the prescriber for any changes (any significant increase or decrease in pulse). If such increase of decrease is seen, the patient’s BP needs to be checked and for an ECG to be performed (NDH, 2006). Question 3: Flecainide and Dofetilide Flecainide is a Class Ic

Analysis the admission policy of primary and secondary schools in the U

1. Introduction The value and role of â€Å"knowledge† is different in every culture but good basic education is essential in every culture. Primary and secondary education in UK (up to 16) is compulsory for all children. However, there were a limited number of high quality schools and these are oversubscribed application. That created problem of â€Å"distributing† pupils between schools (Hurst and Sugden, 2011). So a practical and effective admission policy has great influence on the quality of basic education. The purpose of writing this report is to argue for the reliability and effectiveness of current enrolment policy. According to this report, it will help admission policy designer to solve the problems and prove the benefits of this policy to parents. This report includes four parts. First of all, there is a brief introduction of evolution of the basic education admission policy. After that, the status of current selection process will be discussed. Thirdly, the advantage and the problems will be evaluated. The last part of this report will show some suggestion for solving the problems, like improving the quality of local schools and punishing â€Å"address cheats†. 2. History Admission policy has undergone a series of changes and developments since Butler’s 1944 Education Act set up compulsory primary (5-11 years) and secondary (11-15 years) schools. At that time, the selection process is 11-plus examination (Mcnay and Ozga, 1985). In the United Kingdom, the 11-plus is an examination administered to some students in their last year of primary education, governing admission to various types of secondary school. The name derives from the age group for secondary entry: 11–12 years. The 11-plus examination usually consisted of three pa... ...dren who study in a local area school will have a better quality of the school and family education owing to the connection between schools and communities. In addition, it also gives equally opportunity access to the good school and good solution for preventing childhood obesity. On the contrary, it leads to a fierce competition for the good quality schools which is recognized as the primary cause of the high house price near good schools. Another fact is that increasing number of parents cheat in the application to the secondary schools. According to the analysis above, improve the quality of the local schools can be an effective way to substantial lessening of competition for good schools. To some extent, strong policy and strict supervision can prevent cheating in application. There recommendations can help the enrollment policy be more effective and fair.

Acquiring characteristics of communication competence Essay

Communication competence results in keeping the channels of communication open and providing opportunities for others to communicate. The agreement among researchers on the general characteristics of competent communicators, whether the context of communication is interactions between friends or between teachers and students (Anderson & Martin, 1992; Chesebro & McCroskey, 2001; Hazelton & Cupach, 1986); Stemler, Elliott, Grigorenko, & Sternberg, 2006), provides guidelines for improving one’s own competence, the purpose of the proposed project. (It should be noted, however, that competence is not the same as communication success. For example, a teacher can have the characteristics that are necessary for competence, but if he or she isn’t also a master of the field being taught, students are unlikely to gain the meaningful understanding that generates retention and continued interest when the course ends. ) The most important characteristic is having knowledge of the rules that determine how and when to use different communication strategies (â€Å"ontological knowledge† in Hazleton & Cupach, 1986; â€Å"tacit knowledge† in Stemler, Elliott, Grigorenko, & Sternberg, 2006). For example, another characteristic necessary for competence is the ability to use different forms of nonverbal communication (Chesebro & McCroskey, 2001; Neuliep & Grohskopf, 2000), but the forms used depend upon the nature of the interaction. For example, men’s sports provide what’s probably the only stereotypically acceptable occasion for male-to-male friendly physical contact, as when â€Å"macho man† hits a home run and is rewarded by pats in the butt from his teammates. It’s hard to think of any other contexts where this form of nonverbal communication is acceptable, let alone effective. For a teacher, effective forms of nonverbal communication would be smiling, making eye contact, moving in order to provide equal attention to students sitting in different sections of the room, moving towards the student who is speaking, etc. The latter form was brilliantly demonstrated by Bill Clinton’s seemingly spontaneous movements off the podium and towards the audience in his first televised debate with George Bush. The third characteristic is actually a combination of two characteristics people tend to think of as opposites, being both responsive and assertive (Anderson & Martin, 1995; Neuliep & Grohskopf, 2000). However, it’s desirable to show interest, openness, and receptivity to what others are saying (being responsive) and also to be able to articulate one’s own views (being assertive). My goals are to increase my knowledge of the contexts in which different communication strategies are appropriate, my use of effective nonverbal communication, and my responsiveness towards and assertiveness with others. There’s a reliable and valid test measuring communication competence (Rubin & Martin, 1994) to use as an evaluation of my current competence. To minimize the problems in pre-post designs, retests will be conducted every three months for a period of a year. At some point in retesting, my score should improve and subsequent scores should either be higher or remain the same. References Anderson, C. M. , & Martin, M. M. (1995). Communication motives of assertive and and responsive communicators. Communication Research Reports, 12, 186-191. Chesebro, J. L. , & McCroskey, J. C. (2001). The relationship of teacher clarity and immediacy with student state receiver apprehension, affect, and cognitive learning. Communication Education, 50, 59-68. Hazleton, V. , & Cupach, W. R. (1986). An exploration of ontological knowledge: Communication competence as a function of the ability to describe, predict, and explain. The Western Journal of Speech Communication, 50, 119-132. Neuliep, J. W. , & Grohskopf, E. L. (2000). Uncertainty reduction and communication satisfaction during initial interaction: An initial test and replication of a new axiom. Communication Reports, 13, 67-77. Rubin, R. B. , & Martin, M. M. (1994). Development of a measure of interpersonal communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 11, 33-44. Stemler, S. E. , Elliott, J. G. , Grigorenko, E. L. , & Sternberg, R. J. (2006). There’s more to teaching than instruction: Seven strategies for dealing with the practical side of teaching. Educational Studies, 32, 101-118.

Drug Abuse in USA - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 425 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Health Essay Tags: Drug Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Abstract One dose. Thats all it takes to cast you down a spiral of uncontrollable addiction. Imagine a person starts taking drugs; for instance, Opioid painkillers. At first that person takes them for the simple task of easing pain, but after awhile they keep taking more and more then they realize they cant stop. This is what you call drug abuse. Drug abuse can negatively impact communities because it can cause drugged driving, cause crime/violence/overdose and causes the loss of jobs. Drugged driving is very dangerous. It puts the driver, passengers and also the others that share the road in risk. What makes drugged driving dangerous is how the drug affects the person driving. For instance, marijuana can slow reaction time, lessen judgment of distance and time, and can decrease coordination. A diver that uses cocaine can be aggressive and reckless when driving. Also some other drugs can cause dizziness and drowsiness. All of these impairments can lead to vehicle crashes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Drug Abuse in USA" essay for you Create order Every time a person uses drugs they have the risk of experiencing negative side effects, such as aggression. If a person becomes more violent from using a drug, they are putting themselves and those around them in great danger. There is a great relation between drug abuse and crime. The drug abusers commit crimes to pay for the drugs theyre taking, especially if the drugs are illegal; this inflicts damages to the community. Overdose is a serious side effect of drug abuse. Any drug overdose can be intentional or accidental. An accidental overdose is when a person takes more than what the prescription called for or when a person is taking an illegal drug. An intentional overdose is when a person is trying to commit suicide. Drug abuse can lower a persons employment, by reducing the productivity or even by decreasing the chance of getting a job in the first place. When a person has been abusing drugs they sometime show the side effects at work which can lead them to be fired. Some of these effects can be loss of productivity, tiredness, and the change of a persons behavior, which can make them more violent. A single dose, thats all it takes to hurl you into a coil of fractious addiction. Communities are have been negatively impacted by drug abuse because it causes drugged driving, it causes crime/violence/overdose, and causes the loss of jobs. Imagine a person that had the chance to choose between left, which is drug abuse, and right, which is drug free. Which would you pick?