Sexual Orientation - 1220 Words

Over the years sexual orientation has been an issue in our society. Many people are against homosexuality and bisexuality. Sexual orientation is generally one of three main categories, heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. Heterosexual is someone who is attracted to members of the opposite sex. A homosexual is someone that is attracted to members of the same sex. And, a bisexual person is one that is attracted to members of both sexes. There are other categories of sexual orientation. Some people could be considered transgendered which is someone who feels they were put in the wrong body. But heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual are the three main categories of sexual orientation. No one knows exactly why people are homosexual or†¦show more content†¦You can’t tell a person’s life story just by looking at them. You do not know the struggles they really face, and how they feel deep inside. So how can you tell a person what their sexual orientation should be? Religion and cultural views have a big impact on sexual views. Being brought up in a religious family makes it hard to be open about your sexual preference. For example, my cousin’s parents are Christian and were 100% against her being lesbian. They kicked her out and expected her to change her ways if she wanted to live back at home. What they didn’t understand was it wasn’t her choice. Growing up knowing you’re homosexual or bisexual is tough. Not many people are accepting in junior high or high school, students could be getting harassed or ostracized. Approximately 28% of gay and lesbian high school students in have dropped out of school because of harassment resulting from their sexual orientation. 80% of lesbians, gay and bisexual youth reported severe isolation problems. They experienced social isolation, emotional isolation and cognitive isolation. 26% of gays and lesbian youth are forced to leave home because of conflicts with their families over their sexual identities. Everyday people are going to counseling groups to try to work with their sexuality. They want to feel more satisfied with their lives, be able to deal with problems, improve their self-esteem, or enhance their relationship communication with friends andShow MoreRelatedSexual Orientation, Sexual, And Transgender Orientation957 Words   |  4 Pagesobjects. First, Sexual orientation, sexual identity and gender identity are not the same things. (Carrington, 2015) Sexual Orientation refers to the choice that you like man, woman or both. When we talk about sexual identity, it refers to the biological sex of a person. It is how you see yourself physically. Gender identity is another way referring to the sex role and appearance socially. Secondly, People who have issue with one of these three things may become part of the sexual and gender minorityRead Moresexual orientation1753 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will look into sexual orientation. This essay will i dentify and define sexual orientation focusing on homosexuality. It will further provide an overview of homosexuality and a summary. I will discuss my initial opinions, attitudes, biases and assumptions about sexual orientation and demonstrate how my awareness of this element of diversity increased throughout the module. I will further address how this awareness will impact my ability to counsel more competently, followed by a conclusionRead MoreSexual Orientation3686 Words   |  15 Pagescategories of sexual orientation, alongside bisexual and heterosexual. The longstanding consensus of the behavioral and social sciences and the health and mental health professions is that homosexuality is an example of normal and positive variation in human sexual orientation. Currently the most common adjectives in use are lesbian for women and gay for men, though gay can refer to either men or women. The American Psychology Association defines sexual orientation in the following way: â€Å"Se xual orientationRead MoreGender Orientation And Sexual Orientation1613 Words   |  7 Pagesand lesbians do not choose their sexual orientation, but rather are born with it? There has been extensive research proving that sexual orientation is caused by many biological factors, whereas there is no solid proof that social factors after birth affect sexual orientation (Swaab, 2007, p. 442). Sexual orientation is already programmed into the brain, with the influence of sex hormones and genes, before a child is even born. The development of sexual orientation is caused by sex hormones, genesRead MoreSexual Orientation And Gender Orientation Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagese Henry Paper 4 Sexual orientation The theme that we have been focusing on in class for the past two weeks is sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is more complex than just the gender a person is attracted to. Instead sexual orientation is on more of a spectrum. On one end of the spectrum a person can be solely heterosexual and on the opposite side a person can be completely homosexual. This also means that a person can be bisexual if they identify more in the middle of the spectrum. TheRead MoreThe Sexual Orientation Of Parents993 Words   |  4 Pages The sexual orientation of parents, once having a child, does not negatively affect the development of their children. In order to first be a parent, one must obtain a child. However, in Florida, gay foster parents were not allowed to adopt the children they fostered due to the Gay Adoption Ban (Goldberg). Homosexuals were not legally able to adopt a child at all until the forty year old ban was lifted July, 2015 by Governor Rick Scott (Associated Press). â€Å"Prior to the lifting of the gay adoptionRead MoreThe Psychology Of Sexual Orientations934 Words   |  4 PagesThe Psychology of Sexual Orientations Throughout the history of humans, people have been having sex. It’s obviously necessary for the continuation of humans as a species. But it definitely hasn’t been for just reproductive purposes. People have been engaging in same-gender sex for probably as long as humans have been around. However, the terms we think of today when we think of different sexual orientations didn’t get coined until the 19th and 20th centuries. And with these terms came huge stigmaRead MoreThe Biological Of Sexual Orientation2473 Words   |  10 PagesBiological Correlates of Sexual Orientation Prof. Brett Beston PSY354 University of Toronto at Mississauga Adla Begeta 998184539 Date submitted: Sunday, August 10, 2014 The topic of sexual orientation is both sensitive and controversial. This is evident in events, such as the Pride Parade, and also in media, where authoritative figures preach against it and speak of its â€Å"sinful nature† (Emmanuele, Blanchard, Camperio-Ciani, Bancroft, 2010). Sexual orientation exists in variousRead MoreSexual Orientation Is The Dominant, Or Normal, Sexual, And Gender Orientation Essay2260 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Sexual orientationism is best described as discrimination or prejudice against homosexuals on the assumption that heterosexuality is the dominant, or normal, sexual orientation. Within society there are many barriers, assumptions, and stigmas placed upon the queer community, numerous of which steam from this heterosexist stance that has become the dominant ideology. This stance has historical significance in trauma, and oppression of those within the sexual minority, and how this canRead MoreThe Concept Of Sexual Orientation1293 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of sexual orientation, especially as it is studied and presented in large, population-based and school-based adolescent survey literature. Specifically, the study examined methodology and instrumentation used for the assessment and measurement of youth sexual orientation present in refereed literature. Of the forty-eight empirical studies, five included items that assessed all three dimensions of sexual orientation. The majority of studies used surveys that exclusively assessed sexual orientation

Why Student Involvement Is Essential For Undergraduate...

Alexander Astin, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Higher Education and Organizational Change, at the University of California, Los Angeles, spent much of his career trying to understand which variables are most likely to predict student success in Higher Education. Through the course of his research, Astin became convinced that what he called â€Å"student involvement† was essential to undergraduate student success. In a now world-leading paper, first published in 1984, Astin defined involvement as â€Å"the amount of physical and psychological energy that the student devotes to the academic experience,† and contended that the amount of learning and personal development that students experience in an academic setting is directly connected to the†¦show more content†¦Given that all three courses operate within this online space, a physical space (and offline manifestation of ‘Random Twist’) would represent the logical conclusion to their online d iscussions, providing a shared real-world space for students to realise collaborative projects. Within the School, we see collaboration as dividing the task and multiplying the success of everything that we do (every course operates shared modules, staff, resources, etc.). We see the ‘Random Twist Hub’ as a creative, interactive, informal and social learning space which would encourage student collaboration beyond their own courses and traditional subject boundaries. The creative opportunities are extensive, and embedding the critical importance of collaboration through creative media-rich projects is everything we hope for within the School. In an ever-changing global landscape, we recognise that hubs are important spaces where students can design, test, scale and launch enterprising new ideas. Within this innovative new space, the students are expected to engage in creative collaboration through the completion of dramatic pieces, live streaming, podcasting, web-based events and student-led web series. This project, alongside the evaluation of its impact, which we will measure through a dedicated (public facing) website documenting its development, would

Simmel Modern Individual Free Essays

Beatrice Ajighevi March 13, 2013 Berlin Irene According to Simmel, the development of a protective, rational barrier has a profound impact on individuals living in a metropolis. A modern individual becomes indifferent, the â€Å"blase outlook† becomes a consequence of the urban mind-set which results in a larger degree of personal freedom, they are freed from prejudices, develop a cosmopolitan attitude which develops a greater degree of personal freedom and struggle to maintain their personality and preserve their unique inwardness in a metropolis. The metropolis does differ significantly from the upbringing of a rural town. We will write a custom essay sample on Simmel Modern Individual or any similar topic only for you Order Now While living in a metropolis, the modern individual is constantly bombarded by a constant change of stimuli on a daily basis, â€Å"In order to adjust itself to the shifts and contradictions in events, it does not require the disturbances and inner upheavals which are the only means whereby more conservative personalities are able to adapt themselves to the same rhythm of events. Thus the metropolitan type creates a protective organ for itself against the profound disruption with the fluctuations and discontinuities of the external milieu that threaten it†. Unlike those of a more rural setting, whose daily activities are more common, ritualistic, and expected, the modern individual deals with rapid change in a very short amount of time. In order to cope with these constant shifts, one develops a â€Å"protective organ†. The metropolitan encounters so many individuals, the protective organ allows one to not deal with each person on an emotional or personal based level. Especially in a money based economy, personal relationships are nearly impossible. The modern individual becomes indifferent to all things personal because intellectual relationships deal with others specifically for self-gain and how can other help ones advancement. One must deal with others in a matter-of-fact attitude. People are no longer treated based off of personality or their individuality, but numerical value and worth. The blase attitude is a direct consequence of the urban mindset. The metropolitan dulls themselves due to the constant changes. It arouses the one’s mind so significantly that they can no longer harvest reaction at all. The urban environment is so superfluous, that which would amaze one from a ural setting, is boring, below average, and simply not worth noticing to the metropolitan. â€Å"Not in the sense that they are not perceived, but rather that the meaning and the value of the distinctions between things are experienced as meaningless†. In a more pastoral lifestyle, one grows up not as themselves, meaning that they have n o personal freedom. Yes, they might have individual freedom; however, this is still very restricted. They are an individual of their community. They must still abide by the unspoken rules, and tolerate what is acceptable and what is not. One might be considered an individual part to a larger organism, instead of its own being. Although, in a metropolis, one is exposed to personal freedom, they are allowed to make their own choices without the stipulation of another’s individual’s opinion. The blase mind-set results in a larger degree of personal freedom because â€Å"it assures the individual of a type and degree of personal freedom to which there is no analogy in other circumstances†. A being has more space to cultivate his/her own abilities and undertakings for which they themselves are accountable. The blase attitude allows a person to separate themselves from other and explore themselves internally and externally. In a rural community, things may be more closed off and closed minded. An individual in an urban setting may be freed from the kinds of political and religious prejudices felt in smaller communities because a metropolitan city is made of different people from different backgrounds with different experiences coming together to form a community. There is no need for self-preservation of traditional values or beliefs that one has been brought up believing. People of incomparably individualized personalities were in constant struggle against the incessant inner and external oppression of the de-individualizing small town. A cosmopolitan attitude is when an individual’s horizon is enlarged, â€Å"For the metropolis it’s decisive that its inner life is extended in a wave-like motion over a broader national or international area†. A cosmopolitan person does not have one home, but the world is their home. They can identify with many places in the world and many cultures, unlike one from a small town, who is restricted to their traditional lifestyle. It is not about being in a place physically or being there when the action takes place, but acceptance of the moments that once took time in that place. A cosmopolitan person is not motivated to make long term roots in any given area. It is rather about planting seeds in many areas and making personal connections in each one. This is where quantitative values are replaced by qualitative, because it’s no longer about personal gain, but now individual relationships. Having a cosmopolitan attitude reflects a degree of personal freedom that can be achieved in an urban setting because one is not bound to one area in particular. They are free in the literal sense to go where they please, and not be bound by time-based relationships. â€Å"It is our irreplaceability by others which shows that our mode of existence is not imposed upon us from the outside† this is the definite magnitude in which ones independence and being are articulated. A cosmopolitan attitude allows a greater sense of personal freedom to set one self apart from anything else, without having to worry about the negative reprocautions imposed by a small town life. It allows one to be themselves in any given area at any given time. In a metropolis, because of its large size, the modern individual may have to struggle to maintain his/her personality and preserve their unique inwardness. It may be difficult to stand apart in a highly diversified community. One must make themselves noticeable. Through the responsiveness accumulated from others one may feel a feeling of self-worth, in a community where everyone has a blase attitude, and everyone is average, one wants to be out of the ordinary, and most importantly remembered. How to cite Simmel Modern Individual, Papers Simmel Modern Individual Free Essays Beatrice Ajighevi March 13, 2013 Berlin Irene According to Simmel, the development of a protective, rational barrier has a profound impact on individuals living in a metropolis. A modern individual becomes indifferent, the â€Å"blase outlook† becomes a consequence of the urban mind-set which results in a larger degree of personal freedom, they are freed from prejudices, develop a cosmopolitan attitude which develops a greater degree of personal freedom and struggle to maintain their personality and preserve their unique inwardness in a metropolis. The metropolis does differ significantly from the upbringing of a rural town. We will write a custom essay sample on Simmel Modern Individual or any similar topic only for you Order Now While living in a metropolis, the modern individual is constantly bombarded by a constant change of stimuli on a daily basis, â€Å"In order to adjust itself to the shifts and contradictions in events, it does not require the disturbances and inner upheavals which are the only means whereby more conservative personalities are able to adapt themselves to the same rhythm of events. Thus the metropolitan type creates a protective organ for itself against the profound disruption with the fluctuations and discontinuities of the external milieu that threaten it†. Unlike those of a more rural setting, whose daily activities are more common, ritualistic, and expected, the modern individual deals with rapid change in a very short amount of time. In order to cope with these constant shifts, one develops a â€Å"protective organ†. The metropolitan encounters so many individuals, the protective organ allows one to not deal with each person on an emotional or personal based level. Especially in a money based economy, personal relationships are nearly impossible. The modern individual becomes indifferent to all things personal because intellectual relationships deal with others specifically for self-gain and how can other help ones advancement. One must deal with others in a matter-of-fact attitude. People are no longer treated based off of personality or their individuality, but numerical value and worth. The blase attitude is a direct consequence of the urban mindset. The metropolitan dulls themselves due to the constant changes. It arouses the one’s mind so significantly that they can no longer harvest reaction at all. The urban environment is so superfluous, that which would amaze one from a ural setting, is boring, below average, and simply not worth noticing to the metropolitan. â€Å"Not in the sense that they are not perceived, but rather that the meaning and the value of the distinctions between things are experienced as meaningless†. In a more pastoral lifestyle, one grows up not as themselves, meaning that they have n o personal freedom. Yes, they might have individual freedom; however, this is still very restricted. They are an individual of their community. They must still abide by the unspoken rules, and tolerate what is acceptable and what is not. One might be considered an individual part to a larger organism, instead of its own being. Although, in a metropolis, one is exposed to personal freedom, they are allowed to make their own choices without the stipulation of another’s individual’s opinion. The blase mind-set results in a larger degree of personal freedom because â€Å"it assures the individual of a type and degree of personal freedom to which there is no analogy in other circumstances†. A being has more space to cultivate his/her own abilities and undertakings for which they themselves are accountable. The blase attitude allows a person to separate themselves from other and explore themselves internally and externally. In a rural community, things may be more closed off and closed minded. An individual in an urban setting may be freed from the kinds of political and religious prejudices felt in smaller communities because a metropolitan city is made of different people from different backgrounds with different experiences coming together to form a community. There is no need for self-preservation of traditional values or beliefs that one has been brought up believing. People of incomparably individualized personalities were in constant struggle against the incessant inner and external oppression of the de-individualizing small town. A cosmopolitan attitude is when an individual’s horizon is enlarged, â€Å"For the metropolis it’s decisive that its inner life is extended in a wave-like motion over a broader national or international area†. A cosmopolitan person does not have one home, but the world is their home. They can identify with many places in the world and many cultures, unlike one from a small town, who is restricted to their traditional lifestyle. It is not about being in a place physically or being there when the action takes place, but acceptance of the moments that once took time in that place. A cosmopolitan person is not motivated to make long term roots in any given area. It is rather about planting seeds in many areas and making personal connections in each one. This is where quantitative values are replaced by qualitative, because it’s no longer about personal gain, but now individual relationships. Having a cosmopolitan attitude reflects a degree of personal freedom that can be achieved in an urban setting because one is not bound to one area in particular. They are free in the literal sense to go where they please, and not be bound by time-based relationships. â€Å"It is our irreplaceability by others which shows that our mode of existence is not imposed upon us from the outside† this is the definite magnitude in which ones independence and being are articulated. A cosmopolitan attitude allows a greater sense of personal freedom to set one self apart from anything else, without having to worry about the negative reprocautions imposed by a small town life. It allows one to be themselves in any given area at any given time. In a metropolis, because of its large size, the modern individual may have to struggle to maintain his/her personality and preserve their unique inwardness. It may be difficult to stand apart in a highly diversified community. One must make themselves noticeable. Through the responsiveness accumulated from others one may feel a feeling of self-worth, in a community where everyone has a blase attitude, and everyone is average, one wants to be out of the ordinary, and most importantly remembered. How to cite Simmel Modern Individual, Essay examples

Business Information Systems Analysis

Questions: Evaluate the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology.Your evaluative report should include the following: a) Briefly explain how the technology works. b) Explain the business or technical problem the technology is designed to solve. c) Identify the technologys limitations. Does it create any new problems? d) Evaluate at least one organizations implementation of the technology. e) Assessment of the technologys prospects for success in the marketplace. Answers: Introduction Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is a key term which is used to incorporate in the radio wave based wireless identification process. RFID technology is a composition of a transmission antenna of the signal decoding unit and a semiconductor based memory module. RFID is not a new technology which is implemented in recent days for detecting the object from a distance location. In early age 1940 World Wars fighter plane RFID signal are decoded by the reader to identify the enemy fighter jet or ally's fighter jet. RFID technology is now more advanced than its previous versions. Nowadays RFID identification module can place on such a small place where one can put a rice grain. RFID technology is implemented on a different platform to identify different type of product in a single instance. Now RFID technology can be found in the aviation industry, supply chain management, logistics transportation services and much more they even found on every mobile phone like digital devices. This report also includes a case study about the RFID Incorporation in the organization named BMW. This case study part make an overview of RFID implementation process. Which analyzed Car assembly-line control area in the terms of RFID identification. Technology Orientation to Detect RFID Integrated Object The entire RFID module is a little electronic gadget which contains a little chip to store data and a receiving antenna to send an electronics beacon towards the RFID reader. In spite of the fact that the capacity limit of a RFID is too little around two megabytes (Affairs, 2016). The memory size is sufficient to store a numbered of digital information on the memory module to represent specified information. In the circuit of RFID recognition unit, there are three sections of identification division which should be joined with each other for making an efficient RFID coordinated gadget. In this module, a small antenna used to communicate with the RFID reader. Apart from the antenna unit a decoder module is attached to interpret the electronics signal. All the information of RFID module is stored in a semiconductor chip. In RFID recognition technology there is an ID serial number put away on the microchip to distinguish individual or item depiction and significant data which are the require for making a successful authorization process (Anand Fosso Wamba, 2013). A semiconductor chip is appended to a radio wire, and the mix of the both part is called as RFID tag. Furthermore, here the reception apparatus unit is set for transmitting data towards RFID detector. In the wake of making an active ID from a RFID tag, A RFID reader is used for changes it into an advanced format for the place it over memory chip which is intended to verify the RFID tag. Effect of RFID implementation in business or technological field RFID technology is an advanced technology for implementing the Wireless object identification process but there also some other mechanism present which can be used for object identification process. These innovations resemble bar coding framework, manual item distinguishing proof procedure, and so on (Avoine, Coisel, Martin, 2014). Utilization of those established methods in the business area like retail chain administration gets to be unpredictable and low secure and to conquer this issue in the touch of innovation incorporation The RFID innovation is presented. Figure: Incorporation of RFID Technology (Source: Created By Author) There so many matters that are connected with the classical approach of object identification in manual identification technique. In the process of the manual identification process, the business organization lost their efficiency towards product procurement. Barcoding system is one another advance technology over manual identification, but it also has some serious issues (Basheer Jagannathan, 2013). Utilization of bar coding over the various items is an adaptable approach, but it is not secure like RFID verification arrangement. There is a considerable measure of the possibility of altering the first standardized identification from its place with a little exertion yet on account of RFID label; its hard to carry out these practices in an unapproved way. RFID innovation is additionally acting over a remote medium which enormously diminish the time range of a tremendous procedure. An example of RFID integration is described below Let a car rental service organization are utilizing barcoding methods for recognizable proof of their vehicle status (How RFID Works, 2016). At the point when the client has hired an item from the service center, they need to park their vehicle at the parking gate, after that the organization's employee scanned the barcode which is labeled on the car bonnet. If the employee everything is on the track then the allowed the car on their clients hand. However, the entire situation would get to be changed if the rental organization makes a standardized identification by utilizing of RFID tag. The client can go through the RFID identification door for making an automatic identification process. Another positive side of this technology is RFID uses a remote discovery approach, so marking off every car in a manual scanning approach is not an important work to do. Organization can also track their path by utilizing RFID technology. RFID limitation over object identification process In the field of object identification process, RFID system integration is a complicated and productive option. It has some impediment which can back off the different total validation framework. Above all else execution of RFID technology is more expensive than other object identification framework like OCR based identification framework (Disadvantages of RFID. Mostly Minor Or You Can Minimize Them, 2016). Since in barcoding framework it simple to create a standardized OCR identification sticker on paper or something where can compose. However, on account of RFID individuals' have to introduce RFID-related equipment parts like semiconductor chips and transmission receiving wire which is more costly than any other signature-based identification method. Next issues which are passed on with the usage of RFID innovation is its critical component for Detection techniques (Journal, 2016). For understanding, this intricacy issue, the association which needs to execute the RFID framework over their business fleet needs more experience and the talented professional to kept up the RFID technology. After the second issue come with the RFID technology the next issue which is associated with this entire radio wave based detection system is arises which are the size of RFID tag. Despite the fact that RFID is a little gadget in the electronics hardware business, but for placing a RFID tag requires minimum space like 1cm*1cm*1cm (Jovanovic Jovanovic, 2012). RFID implementation is cover a sizable physical area where OCR base based object identification does not need anything they are like wall poster on the object. Another issue which relentlessly effect on RFID identification process is the logical structure of RFID framework. RFID framework is not a same for every application it changes the requirements needed for Object identification process. It is evident that there are some hurdles which can create a harmful impact of integration on a business process, but it also has many good advantages over identification mechanism. Incorporation of RFID technology on BMW Car Assembly Line The case study of the RFID integration will help to understand the benefits and disadvantages which are associated with the integration of RFID technology (Liu, Zhang, Ou, 2013). The RFID technology is incorporated into the large car making company BMW. BMW introduced their RFID integrated assembly line identification process in the year 2009 to identify the location of each car with a high precision rate. In the process of RFID integration on BMW car is initialized by encoding a VIN number onto the BMW Ubisense framework and the RFID tag is placed on the car's hood (spychips.com - What is RFID, 2016). In the assembly line there are more than 380 sensors or RFID readers are present to sense the each VIN number concurrently which stand on the assembly line. After the identification of a VIN number of car position, the VIN data is sent towards the backend system for analysis by TAS programming environment. And after making a precise calculation of each car item TAS software set the IBS-tool control system onto the perspective location of the car on the assembly line. The entire process reduces the time for manual setting of IBS-Tools unit on cars items. The manual process is not also accurate as the new RFID-based system. RFID Technology Assessment RFID innovation has an impact on inventory network administration framework and retail administration. As a result of their tremendous quantities of item distinguishing proof procedure, RFID incorporation will be particularly useful (Maek, Kolarovszki, ÄŒamaj, 2016). Aside from the retail division, production network administration, logistic administrations RFID can likewise be valuable for very different are which are identified with the business organization concerns some of them resemble auto entryway remote locking, pets GPS beacon, and so forth. RFID is a great deal more exorbitant than other innovation for automated identification and validation, yet the thing is after 2006 the cost of RFID technology fall with the goal that it can be consumed by an alternate kind of client or association. For evasion any security issue, there are some guidelines and directions are presented over its uses (Sheng Xia, 2013). Any association who mean to use the RFID innovation for their item authorization proof they should need to meet the fundamental criteria which are set by worldwide standard association or ISO. Conclusion The technology of authoring or validating is not a new orientation which set in these recent days, the Implementation of this type technology starts a decade ago. In the RFID it also introduced nearly sixty to seventy years ago, which is done lately with RFID innovation is the progression of innovation. The advancement of innovation diminishes the RFID label size which makes an extraordinary arrangement towards the item recognizable proof procedure. In spite of the fact that RFID innovation has a few focal points, likewise there are some confinement and issues are connected with this innovation incorporation. The most vital issue which decreases the convenience of RFID tag is people in general security concerns. RFID labels can be followed from a remote area so any individual can be a casualty of this innovation consolidation in the general use of the technology incorporation. The best routine of RFID execution strategy should be one of a kind to its client and necessities to keep up the global measures. References Affairs, O. (2016).RFID Technologies and Consumers in The Retail Marketplace - Office of Consumer Affairs (OCA).Ic.gc.ca Anand, A. Fosso Wamba, S. (2013). Business value of RFIDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ enabled healthcare transformation projects.Business Process Mgmt Journal,19(1), 11 Avoine, G., Coisel, I., Martin, T. (2014). Untraceability Model for RFID.IEEE Transactions On Mobile Computing, Basheer, M. Jagannathan, S. (2013). Localization of RFID Tags Using Stochastic Tunneling.IEEE Transactions On Mobile Computing, Disadvantages of RFID. Mostly Minor Or You Can Minimize Them.. (2016).Wireless Technology Advisor.

Book Report On Hamlet Essays - English-language Films,

Book Report On Hamlet Something was definitely rotten in the state of Denmark! The king was dead of a terrible murder, a betrayal from his own brother, and young Hamlet was enraged with a sense of needing to seek revenge, which came with his fathers passing. You might think that this sort of revenge would come in the form of a crime of passion; something that would be quick and bloody. This was not the case in Shakespeares Hamlet, as the young prince unexpectedly drew out his plans for revenge over a large amount of time due to his own weakness of numbness. Hamlet was full of big ideas and intentions, but he failed to act and to carry out the deed of revenging the death of his father by killing Claudius. Hamlet had his reasons for not acting. I think that partly he wanted it to be unexpected. Hamlet was definitely a smart guy, and throughout the play it seemed as though everything was premeditated. He did nothing on a whim. I think this was another reason for Hamlet prolonging a quick revenge on Claudius. Nearly all of Hamlets actions, with the exception of his outburst at Ophelias grave, were preplanned. Although Hamlet was never quick to action, he was always thinking aloud and giving those long speeches. He probably thought too much for his own good at times. He wrestled with many ideas, thoughts, and feelings over the course of the play, delaying any real action until the time was right. Hamlet was a perfectionist in revenge. He wanted everything to be perfect, and this caused him to take unusual steps to gain his revenge on Claudius. Hamlets play within a play caught the conscience of the king. Hamlet did not only want to kill his fathers murderer; he wanted to send him to an eternal punishment of damnation. This caused Hamlet to move slowly and carefully in his revenge. Hamlets delay of vengeance was necessary in order for his ideal revenge to come about. Unfortunately Hamlets ideal plans never came to be. Hamlets choice to remain idle didnt cause, but certainly helped bring a downfall to himself. Had Hamlet remained inactive, he certainly would have been able to complete his plans for revenge on Claudius. When Hamlet revealed himself at Ophelias tomb, he lost his element of surprise on the king, and causing most of his plans to come apart at the seams. In the end, Hamlets patient form of acting did not destroy his revenge, but his action regarding his love for Opheila did. In some ways, Hamlet let down his guard when he saw Ophelia in her coffin during the dishonorable burial. That opened the door for the current king to plan his own form of vengeance on Hamlet before Hamlet had a chance to kill the king. In the end, all was lost and no one had a happy ending. Shakespeare

Starbucks Leadership Structure Essay Example

Starbucks Leadership Structure Essay Example Starbucks Leadership Structure Paper Starbucks Leadership Structure Paper Strong leadership strategy and efficient leadership culture are an integral part of any entrepreneurship. Predetermining the course of the company’s actions, the strategies that are going to be chosen in the relationships with the customers, and the specifics of the organizational behavior within the firm, these elements serve as the building blocks for the company’s organizational environment. Considering the example of Starbucks, its recent downfall and nonetheless impressive success that followed the misfortune as a result of adopting a unique leadership strategy will help prove the significance of a leadership strategy. An Introspective into the Mechanism of Starbucks’ Clockwork: Leadership Culture, Team Structure and Human Resource Strategy Analysis Adopting the right leadership approach is not easy. Choosing a leadership culture, one sets the standards for the organizational behavior and predetermines the rates of the employees’ engagement, which influences the quality of the product considerably. One of the most outstanding examples of a leadership culture is the one adopted by the head of the Starbucks. Because of the choice of a mixture of servant leadership and persuasive leadership cultures, Schultz has managed not only to survive the recent notorious expansion crisis (Seaford, Culp, Brooks, 2012), but also to reorganize the company a mere year later towards even more recognition and success. Starbucks and Its Leadership Culture Speaking of the leadership culture at Starbucks, one must mention that the company has deviated from the traditional concept of a perfect leadership style. It is a common knowledge that the transformational leadership is the optimum choice for any major company to arrange the work of its employees in the most efficient way possible. According to the existing sources, transformational leadership offers for much more opportunities in improving the production process through the change of organizational behavior of the employees and the change of corporate culture, since it allows for a transformation of the way in which the employees see their work and its significance. Helping the company leader both pay enough attention to the staff and control the production process, the given approach is considered the most efficient one at present. However, Starbucks went even further in their dedication to the needs of their staff, claiming that the company adopts a servant leadership strategy. The above-mentioned choice can be justified by the fact that Starbucks has always insisted on the significance of establishing perfect relationships between the company leader and the staff. According to the principles, which Starbucks is guided by, the company’s highest priority is the concern for the personal and professional growth of its employees. As it is stated in Behar and Goldstein’s article that studies the specifics of leadership structure in Starbucks, â€Å"At Starbucks, we value people most of all, more than we value money. From the very beginning, people have always come first. People come before profits. People come before worrying about lawsuits. People come before the coffee† (Behar Goldstein, 2010, 20). It must be admitted that the given leadership culture has its pros and cons. One of the doubtless benefits of the given strategy is that Starbucks will always have devoted staff, which works to provide only top quality products. After all, it is important to develop trustworthy relationships between the members of the staff and the managers. Thus, numerous conflicts can be avoided, and the process of knowledge management can be improved considerably. With the help of servant leadership approach, one can make sure that the contribution of each member of the staff is appreciated and that the needs and wants of every single employee are taken into consideration. Thus, better cooperation between the employees and the management can be provided. Unfortunately, the given leadership culture also has its problems, which the Starbucks has already experienced, according to the results of the recent research. One of the most obvious drawbacks regarding the servant leadership style is that it takes impressively long time for the given leadership style to have effect. While the given peculiarity of a servant leadership style may not be the issue with the employees who have been working in the company for quite long, with the newcomers, it will take much time for the servant leadership style to influence the perspective of the former. Team Structure of Starbucks Starbucks also has a very peculiar team structure. Before proceeding with the analysis of the Starbucks team, it should be mentioned that there are different ways of classifying the team structure, depending on the basic principle of classification. For example, depending on the role that a company leader performs in the specified company, teams can be described as ego-less, democratic hierarchical, chief programmer, and ideal teams. Choosing the focus of the teamwork, one will be able to split the teams in existing companies into divisional structure, matrix structure, organizational circle, etc. Starbucks, however, offers a very special case of team definition. Since Starbucks puts a major emphasis on the relationships with its staff, it can be assumed that Starbucks employs a matrix team structure. Indeed, when considering the specifics of the way in which the teamwork in Starbucks is organized, one must mention that the company’s strategy is to combine the functional division and the product-based one, with the necessity to report to two people at the helm. As a result, the company displays a very well developed hierarchy, with every employee being assigned with a specific function and a very strict control taken over the entire production and knowledge management processes. The principle of hierarchy employed at the Starbucks Company can be viewed as both a very reliable and at the same time a rather old-fashioned approach. Speaking of the negative aspects of the hierarchy structure employed in the Starbucks Company, one must mention that it allows very little wiggle room for the staff to make decisions concerning a specific task. On the one hand, it may be assumed that total control is a part of the company’s plan. By adopting the hierarchy team structure, Starbucks leader can delegate powers to specific people, control the company processes and be aware of the slightest changes within the enterprise, which is especially important for a company of the scale and size of Starbucks. However, it is also worth bringing up the aforementioned principle of an organizational strategy implies that the leader does not trust the employees enough to offer them enough power and, therefore, preferring to take full control over the entire production process, which can be viewed as a contradiction to the previously mentioned employee-targeted leadership style. Hence the key problem regarding the Starbucks strategy concerning the organizational structure and the policy towards the staff emerges. While the company clearly aims at breaking new grounds in the relationships among the staff and the company leader, it still does not consider its employees reliable enough to undertake the decisions that influence the company tangibly. At present, the given issue seems a major problem regarding the company’s organizational strategy. HRM Strategies at Starbucks In his attempt at making the Starbucks a landmark in the history of companies’ development, the leader of the enterprise also adopts a very curious human resource strategy. There is no need to stress the significance of the ability to choose the right people and assign them with the right tasks. Therefore, it is crucial that the right strategy for choosing employees from the available candidates and assigning these employees with the corresponding tasks should be adopted. As a rule, the in the given process, mistakes are unavoidable, since it is hard to decide from the very star whether the specified person is going to perform well in the chosen setting. The Starbucks Company, however, found a very efficient means to solve the above-mentioned problem. To start with, it is necessary to stress that, as the most recent data shows, Starbucks uses a combination of HRM strategies to obtain the maximum effect. The situational approach seems the most reasonable in Starbucks’s case, since the market in which the company operates has witnessed an impressive change lately, i. e. , the use of the so-called capsule coffee. Only attempting to produce capsule coffee at present, Starbucks is, therefore, in the environment of stiff competition, which means that the company should be especially careful about the choice of employees and the means to upgrade the skills of its current staff. As it has been stressed above, employees are the Starbucks Company’s key priority along with its customers. Consequently, the HRM strategy used by the company can be described as the approach that allows for creating the environment for its employees’ personal and professional growth, where each of the company’s staff is treated with due respect and dignity. It is also essential to stress that Starbucks encouraged diversity in the workplace. Thus, it can be assumed that the company does everything possible to prevent the instances of discrimination on any basis in the workplace, be it the discrimination based on race, gender or religious beliefs. As a result, the Starbucks Company is considered one of the most progressive companies of the XXI century for a very legitimate reason. To describe the approach that the company adopts in its HRM practice, the following elements must be mentioned: benefits, recruitment, training, and performance appraisal. It is hard to overrate the importance of each of the components. To depict the company’s approach towards employees’ recruitment and training, one must bring up the company’s guidelines known as the Six Principles: * Making sure that each of the employees has been provided with the decent work environment and is treated with dignity and respect; * Providing diversity in the workplace as the basis for equal opportunities for people in business; * Applying the highest standards concerning the production values and process, as well as other related services; * Meeting the customers’ demands and making certain that every single customer is satisfied with the service quality and thrilling them into becoming Starbucks’ clientele; * Creating the environment that works for establishing a strong and integrated community of employees; * Recognition of profitability as one of the elements that is essential for the company’s further success in the specified market. The above-mentioned list clearly focuses on the development of trustworthy relationships between the company leader and the employees. Even with a specific emphasis put on the company’s performance in the last postulate, it is clear that Starbucks’ key priority is to build strong and reliable link between its employees and managers, as well as support the professional growth of the staff. Thus, it can be assumed that Starbucks invests in each employee, training the latter and encouraging his/her progress, while the employee offers the company his/her services, which improve gradually. The given approach cannot be denied its effect on the company’s performance – the more an employee is trained, the better (s) he performs. The given strategy, however, also has a number of disadvantages, one of which concerns the time, effort and money that the company is likely to waste in case of an HRM mistake. Unless the human factor is completely eliminated from the company’s HRM department, mistakes in assigning the wrong people with the wrong positions will continue, which is quite natural. For Starbucks, with its devotion towards each employee, however, several HRM mistakes in a row might turn out fatal, since the resources spent on training, coaching and encouraging. Starbucks: Motivation and Effectiveness Regardless of the aforementioned drawbacks in the shield of the company’s HRM practices, it must be admitted that the general course of Starbucks concerning the leadership strategy, the team structure and the chosen HRM approach are rather efficient and refreshing in the light of the fact that most companies adopt a transformational leadership style at present. In contrast to the latter, Starbucks clearly states that it does not aim at reinventing the employees’ perspective of teamwork, which means that the employees are not going to be put into a stressful environment. Therefore, the chosen track works perfectly well as the means to create engaging environment for the employees. The corporate values clearly involve professional development of the employees, and the HRM strategies are evidently aimed at investing into the current employees as much as possible, making sure that the current staff, who is presumably already expert in their jobs, will evolve professionally so that the company could use the services of experts. The fact that Starbucks actually invests into its employees and allows for their professional growth instead of using their potential thoughtlessly, as most present-day companies do, is alone outstanding. Thus, it can be assumed that Starbucks’ approach towards its human resources is the company’s greatest asset. It is quite impressive that the company actually manages to translate the demands of the employees into the principles of the corporate HR strategy. The key advantage of the approach chosen by the company is that it motivates the employees not merely for a change, but for a conscious progress and encourages them to develop professionally, at the same time keeping them willing to contribute their newly acquired skills and knowledge to the company for the benefit of the latter. As Baker et al. (2008) explain, conscious motivation is the first step towards success: â€Å"A typical recipe for motivation calls for a mixture of persuasion, encouragement, and compulsion. Yet the best leaders, we suspect, need no recipe: They get people to produce great results by appealing to their deepest drives, needs, and desires† (Baker et al. , 2008, 51). Concerning the Negative Effects of the Leadership Strategy However, Starbucks also displays a number of negative tendencies that might possibly hinder the company’s progress. As it has been mentioned above, the fact that the company invests so much into the employees’ development makes it extremely vulnerable towards the employees who do not see themselves as members of a team and prefer shifting from one company to another in search for better terms of employment. In a nutshell, the company’s key problem is that it does not reinvent the employees’ perception of teamwork; instead, it adapts towards the employees’ requirements to a reasonable extent. Nevertheless, chances are that even such type of employees will learn the benefits of working for the Starbucks Company and change their motivations. Another considerable drawback of the leadership strategy chosen by the Starbucks Company is that when pushed too far, nit starts conflicting with the company’s interests, i. e. , efficient production and selling. According to the recent news, Starbucks has already faced a crisis when trying to conquer new markets and abandoning its initial strategy of putting the employees before the company. As the reports say, after the experiment mentioned above failed, the Starbucks Company resumed striving for its employees’ professional growth. Therefore, it must be admitted that the leadership strategy chosen by Starbucks presupposes that the company must take care of the expansion and the personal and professional needs of the employees, which is a rather complicated task. That being said, the key drawback of the chosen leadership approach is that it does not allow for radical changes, which the company is likely to benefit from, since these changes might affect the employees negatively, which the company’s policies are strictly against. It is worth mentioning that Starbucks has already faced the dilemma concerning the economic growth versus the needs of the employees, which resulted in choosing the latter. As the given example, shows, the Starbucks is far from providing an exemplary leadership strategy; however, to the company’s credit, Howard Schultz, the Starbucks leader, has created the only enterprise where the needs of the staff are pout before the needs of the company and yet managed to enjoy tremendous success.

Fowler's Stages of Religious Development & Thoughts on Essay

Fowler's Stages of Religious Development & Thoughts on Death--Kubler-Ross' and Lamers' Theories - Essay Example & Jack B., 2005). 3:- Synthetic-Conventional stage - A person has an ideology, consistent clustering of values and beliefs, but he or she has not objectified these for examination and in a sense is unaware of having them. 4:- Individuative-Reflective stage - The person comes out of the influence of the others and tries to hold him or herself authentic and consistent. 5:- Conjunctive Faith stage - Individuals learn to live with their faith and inquires. Dynamic, trusting relationship with God is established. 6:- Universalizing Faith stage - Religious development reaches to completion. Here, person decenters in the valuing process to such an extent that he/she participates in the valuing of the creator and values other beings (Fowler, 1981). As far as I am concerned, I find myself in conjunctive faith stage. My previous concrete boundaries are now becoming porous and permeable. To get to next level I will have to exit out of my current stage of a torn position between possibility and loyalty. Two major steps I can take to get to next level; I should experience a sense of connection with all beings and I should commit to overcome division, oppression and violence. I will have to move beyond self interest and my own religious ideologies in order to bring about love and justice. One of my closest relatives lost her mother. I inquired about her emotional reactions she encountered. She told me, although her mother was suffering from an incurable disease (Parkinsonism) and was on bed for the last ten years, yet she could not had imagined that her mother can be expired. Whenever she tried to realize that her mother was in terminal condition of disease and may die at any time, she could not think more, darkness appeared in front of her eyes and she became extremely upset. One day she received sad news about the death of her mother. She told that at hearing the news of her beloved mother she suffered

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Public Relations - Essay Example The essay "Public Relations" deals with how a product’s perception can influence its sale and growth. Regardless of the quality, product perception (Alan Louis Hospital and the Pedophile book) can determine whether the product is deemed valuable or invaluable by the general public. Therefore, there is need to brand a product successfully in order to attract new customers and ensure the loyalty of existing customers. According to Barnett, the Alan Louis Hospital case study provides an ideal opportunity for comprehensive analysis. The hospital, though not well known, has a variety of strengths, which include its high ranking position in patient care when compared to the other more established hospitals in the region, its better customer care service due to its lesser size, allowing for better patient care and treatment, highly qualified personnel, up to date medical facilities and equipment, good patient relations and good brand image. However, the hospital is plagued by a few weaknesses, such as its poor market penetration and brand recognition. Despite its quality services and positive patient reviews, the hospital is not well known, which has led to lower patient entry levels. The hospital’s major competition is the other mainstream hospitals in the region, which has better brand recognition. It is quite easy to remedy these situations if the hospital can be able to utilize its opportuni ties, which include social media, advertisements, regional health care expos, billboards and broadcast media.

Higher Education in Contemporary Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Higher Education in Contemporary Society - Essay Example With more and more businesses turning to overseas labor, the job market in America is suffering. We need a public that is educated and capable of contributing significant economic skills to the development of our systems and institutions. More competition in any given market means that candidates for positions need to be knowledgeable and capable of ingenuity. As globalization spreads, jobs are demanding more than primary education can offer; a key factor in obtaining a well paying career path is obtaining some form of higher education. Employees and applicants need to be ahead of the times, ready to interact with people of different languages and customs in a business manner and achieve successful relationships. Entrepreneurial engagement is also important to a society, it allows for new markets to open up and eventually new jobs to come about. Higher education is essential to the success of any entrepreneurial business especially in today's rapidly growing marketplace. Another reason that higher education is so important today is the simple fact that without an educated public, democracy cannot thrive. Believe in or not those fancy schools and education institutions were founded in service to us as citizens of a free country. They may fuss and moan about reputation and status; but when you get down to it they are here to allow us the pursuit of knowledge. A pursuit that is not only a human right but also a civic responsibility; "The schools of a country are its future in miniature." Tehyi Hsieh, a Chinese philosopher said that and has proven to be true. From the ancient Maya and Egyptians to the Greeks and Romans every outstandingly powerful and accomplished society has had a well developed education system. As funding for primary public education dwindles and its accomplishments seem less profound with every year, higher education may be our only option to pursue knowledge within an institutional setting. Aristotle said, "To learn is a natural pl easure, not confined to philosophers but common to all men (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel, 2007 pg. 267)." Let us uphold this idea and consist ourselves of well educated, adaptable and resourceful people. "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" Neil Armstrong's famous quote as he stepped onto the surface of the moon drives home my next point. Higher education is important in contemporary society because it is important for our country to push technological and scientific boundaries. In one year we made it from just breaking free of our earths atmosphere to landing on the moon and returning successfully as the fist country to accomplish the task. America would never have been eligible for this position without higher education. With diseases like Aids and Cancer growing out of the control; global warming threatening to change life on earth forever and populations rising into the billions it is important more than ever for us to be experimenting with new ideas. We need to attempt to right some of the environmental wrongs we have done our planet; we need to find alternative fuel sources and ask why our globe is heating up. The questions of why, where,

Overview of Domestic Violence in the UK

Overview of Domestic Violence in the UK Domestic violence is very real and common in the UK, and indeed internationally In the UK domestic violence accounts for a quarter of all crime, despite these figures it is recorded that only 5 per cent of recorded cases of domestic violence end in conviction, less than 20 per cent of rapes and sexual assaults are reported to the police, and less than 6 per cent of rapes result in conviction. Wells points out as a comparison, the number of women that are in prison, and the seemingly trivial reasons for there incarceration. There are now over 4,500 women in prison, an increase of 194 per cent in the last ten years. Most women are convicted of non-violent offences, such as shoplifting. One woman out of 12 judges in the House of Lords, 5 women out of 43 police Chief Constables, 18 women out of 42 Chief Officers of Probation, 7 women out of 42 Chief Crown Prosecutors, 31 women out of 138 Prison Governors. There was evidence of sexual harassment and discrimination experienced by women working in the system. Domestic violence is not discriminatory and occurs between people of all social classes, amongst all racial and religious groupings and in all age groups. Crime and other statistics can only provide us with a taster of the real picture. The nature and extent of the suffering which is endured by families behind closed doors is very much something that is kept private. Victims of domestic assaults often do not complain of violence, either through fear of being further assaulted, or because they are too embarrassed and ashamed to reveal their plight to professionals who might be able to assist them. Although the traditional perspective is that victims of domestic violence are predominately women, this is not always the case, men, children and the elderly are vulnerable to domestic violence too. This said there is an abundance of evidence to show that it is women and children who are the main victims. Children who themselves suffer violence at the hands of a parent are in the main protec ted by the state though child protection procedures. The remedies provided by the civil law are therefore generally used to obtain protection for an adult victim. As Subedi points out There are several causes of violence against women. These range from historical unequal power relations between men and women to cultural perceptions, womens sexuality, inaction on the part of the agents of the State to the traditional perception in law and practice that matters within the family and between a husband and wife are basically private matters in which outside or State involvement should be kept to a minimum. Unlike other forms of crime, the problem with domestic violence has been that even the law itself is not well- developed and the law that is there on this issue has not been enforced as vigorously as possible. It is from this premise that efforts have been made in the recent past both at national and international level to strengthen the law on traditional patterns of violence and to expand the scope of the law to cover new forms of violence. While the problem often encountered in this process at national level is the doctrine of privacy and the concept of the sanctity of the family, the dichotomy of the public/private sphere is the problem at international level. In the UK, domestic assaults are criminal offences and a man who attacks his wife can be prosecuted for his actions. He may be charged with one or more of various offences against the person included the offence of rape. The Protection From Harassment Act 1997 introduced strong measures to assist those who are victims of a course of conduct, which amounts to harassment and made such conduct a crime. However, victims of domestic violence and harassment may be reluctant to become involved in the prosecution process for a number of reasons. These include the realisation by the victim that the matter is no longer under her control once she has reported an attack to the police. It will be up to the police to decide whether and how they wish to investigate her complaint, and it will be the decision of the Crown Prosecution Service whether or not to go ahead and press charges. This loss of control acts as a disincentive to women to report incidents of violence, as they may well fear the consequences of their action if the police and Crown Prosecution Service fail, as they see it, to respond in an appropriate fashion. In the past the police have been unwilling to intervene in cases of domestic violence, and to prosecute offenders. This perception of the police as unwilling to come to the assistance of victims of domestic assaults is still evident today, even though domestic violence is taken much more seriously by the police than in the past, and even though police practices in many areas have changed radically in favour of the victim. Figures from British Crime Surveys suggest that domestic violence forms the largest single category of violent crime. In a survey carried out by Davis and Gretny revealed that of a total of 448 assaults, all of which were referred to the CPS, there were 243 (54 per cent) non-domestics and 205 (46 per cent) domestics. If the British Crime Survey finding that domestic violence comprises 20 per cent of all assaults can be believed, and if the Bristol police files that they surveyed can be taken to be representative of the current position, it would appear that domestic assault is significantly more likely to be prosecuted than is assault in other contexts. This is remarkable given the widely accepted picture of domestic violence as a crime both under-reported and under-recorded. In such situations a victim of domestic violence, may apply for an injunction under the Davis G Cretney A, (1996) Prosecuting Domestic Assault, Criminal Law Review Mar 162 174 or a non- molestation order under s42 of the Family Law Act 1996. The statutes have somewhat differing aims although both statutes do aim to prevent harassment and can be compared and this will be discussed. Only associated persons can apply under the FLA 1996; anybody can apply under the PHA 1997. There are wider remedies available under the FLA 1996, including the power to make occupation orders. Damages can be awarded only under the PHA 1997. This is an important point. Domestic violence/harassment knows no social boundaries and therefore an award of damages can be a salutory lesson. It can also be an important remedy for those who are scared to report, for fear of financial hardship. Such damages can, of course, if not promptly paid, be enforced in all the usual ways including execution, attachment of ear nings or a charging order on land if necessary followed by an order for sale. Presently, a power of arrest can be attached to FLA 1996 orders but not to PHA 1997 orders. However, although the power of arrest is retained for occupation orders it is to be abolished for non-molestation orders. A warrant of arrest can be issued under either statute. Breach of an injunction under s 3 of the PHA 1997 is an offence breach of a non-molestation order is made an offence by s 42A of the FLA 1996.(7) District judges have full jurisdiction under both statutes to make orders, issue warrants and deal with contempt of court proceedings for breach of orders. Applications under the FLA 1996 are family proceedings governed by the Family Proceedings Rules 1991 and must be issued in a family proceedings court, a divorce county court, family hearing centre, care centre or in the Principal Registry or Lambeth Shoreditch or Woolwich County Courts.Applications under the PHA 1997 are civil proceedings governed by CPR 1998 Part 65 and can be issued in the High Court (Queens Bench Division) or in the county court for the district in which either the claimant or the defendant re sides or carries on business. Exceptionally, concurrent proceedings under both statutes are appropriate. They should be consolidated and tried together. A person arrested and brought before the court pursuant to the FLA 1996 can be remanded in custody or on bail. There is no power to remand a person arrested and brought before the court pursuant to the PHA 1997. Punishment for contempt of court under either statute is subject to the maximum of 2 years imprisonment provided by the Contempt of Court Act 1981. The sentence must be proportionate to the seriousness of the contempt. Conviction for breach of an injunction under s 3 of the PHA 1997 or for breach of a non-molestation order under s 42A of the FLA 1996 both carry a maximum sentence of 6 months and/or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum on summary conviction, and a maximum sentence of 5 years and/or fine on conviction on indictment. Both statutes provide that a person cannot be both punished for contempt of court and prosecuted in respect of the same incident. The PHA 1997 also creates offences (ss 2 and 4) not dependant on a civil injunction; the FLA 1996 does not. By s 1 of the PHA 1997, a person must not pursue a course of conduct which amounts to harassment of another and which he knows or ought to know amounts to harassment of another. By s 7(3) a course of conduct must involve conduct on at least two occasions and by s 7(4) conduct includes speech. Section 7(3A) was inserted by the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 and provides: A persons conduct on any occasion shall be taken, if aided, abetted, counselled or procured by another: (a) to be conduct on that occasion of the other (as well as conduct of the person whose conduct it is); and (b) to be conduct in relation to which the others knowledge and purpose, and what he ought to have known, are the same as they were in relation to what was contemplated or reasonably foreseeable at the time of the aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring. The phrase course of conduct has caused difficulty. In R v Hills held that assaults in April and October 1999 were not a course of conduct, particularly since the parties had been reconciled in the interim. In Lau v Director of Public Prosecutions quashed a conviction on the grounds that two incidents 4 months apart were not a course of conduct. The fewer the number of incidents and the wider the time lapse between them, the less likely that they give rise to a course of conduct. On appropriate facts, a charge of assault should be preferred. Indeed, many cases justify both a charge of assault and of harassment. The definition of harassment (and assault) is the same in civil and criminal proceedings, and thus arguments on whether or not there was a course of conduct can arise in both civil and criminal courts. In civil cases, where they may be doubt on whether there is a course of conduct then, as in crime, where appropriate, assault can also be alleged. In June 2003 the Home Office published a consultation paper setting out proposals to tackle domestic violence. The paper indicated the Governments strategy was based on three elements: to prevent domestic violence occurring or recurring; to increase support for victims; and to ensure improved legal protection and justice for domestic violence victims. This led to the enactment of the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 which came into force in March 2005. DVCVA 2004 closely links the civil and criminal processes through new police powers, and through a new criminal offence of breach of a non-molestation order. It also creates a new offence of causing or permitting the death of a child or vulnerable person. It also requires the adoption of a code of practice and a victims fund, to be financed by surcharges on fines and some fixed penalties. It creates the power for the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority to recover money from offenders, and makes a variety of other changes to criminal procedure, powers and sentencing. Non-molestation or occupation orders are key tools in providing protection for those who fall within the category of associated persons. Prior to the enactment of the DVCVA 2004 eligibility extended to those living together as man and wife (cohabitants), or former cohabitants, and those who live or have lived in the same household (except if they are employees, tenants or boarders, or a lodger). DVCVA 2004 extends the category of associated person to include cohabitants in a same-sex relationship living in an equivalent relationship to that of husband and wife. The power to attach a power of arrest to a non-molestation order is removed by this act. Instead, common assault becomes an arrestable offence under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and breach of a non-molestation order becomes a criminal (arrestable) offence. If, for whatever reason, no prosecution is mounted, perhaps because of the wishes of the victim, that does not prevent an application to the civil court to commit for breach of the order. Nothing prevents the commencement of civil proceedings while criminal proceedings are pending, following arrest, though arguably a family court should await the determination of the criminal process. A new criminal offence is created under s42A will be punishable on conviction on indictment by a term of imprisonment not exceeding five years, or a fine, or both, and on summary conviction by a term of imprisonment not exceeding 12 months, or a fine not exceeding the statutory minimum, or both. The prosecution will need to prove the existence and terms of the order; the fact that the defendant was aware of the order; conduct that amounts to breach of that order, provided the breach is relevant only to sentence and not to guilt or innocence; and the lack of reasonable excuse. Minor changes are made to occupation orders under the DVCVA 2004 these require a court, in proceedings for an occupation order, to consider whether or not to make a non-molestation order. Other changes include changes to reflect cohabitation as opposed to marriage. Nothing in the new Act removes the right of the court to attach a power of arrest to an occupation order. This may cause some difficulties where a court makes both a non-molestation order and an occupation order, particularly if a court has attached a radius clause, for example not to come within a specified distance of the applicants home. Restraining orders under PHA 1997 form an integral part of the machinery for the protection of victims of domestic violence. DVCVA 2004, s 12, will extend the courts power to make a restraining order under s 5 of PHA 1997.Under s 5, when a court is sentencing or otherwise dealing with a person who is convicted of an offence under s 2 or s 4 of that Act, then as well as sentencing him or dealing with him in any other way, it may make a restraining order. The restraining order is particularly useful, as it provides for the continued safety of the victim but can only be made in cases where a conviction had been obtained for a s 2 or s 4 offence. As Wells points out: A vignette of current concerns suggests that much has changed in the last few decades. There is a ministerial group on domestic violence headed by Home Office minister, Baroness Scotland. The Solicitor General, a woman, has made tackling domestic violence a policy priority. She has talked to the President of Family Division, a woman. The Law Commission has recommended the abolition of the partial defence of provocation for reasons largely to do with its differential impact on male and female partner killers. The psychological trauma associated with rape and other forms of sexual harassment has been acknowledged, much attention has been given to improving police practices, and the offences themselves have been reconfigured around the concept of trust. It is difficult to believe that these changes would have come about without the influence of feminism in general and feminist legal commentators in particular. These changes also fit into a much wider pattern in which victims have moved very much centre stage along with the associated restorative justice movement. Internationally moves are being made to improve the situation for women. There have been international efforts to strengthen womens rights. This perception has contributed to the reluctance on the part of many countries to adopt either a protocol to CEDAW providing for individual petition or a protocol on violence against women with similar remedies for women. Moreover, the perception of States towards certain types of violence seems to be different in developed Western countries from that of certain developing countries. While widespread dissemination of pornographic material and use of women as sex objects by the media has been viewed as violence against women by women in certain developing countries, the same does not necessarily hold true in certain Western countries such as the Netherlands and the United States, which opposed the inclusion of this type of violence in the definition of violence in the draft UN declaration on violence against women. This type of activity cannot be violence for those women who voluntarily allow themselves to be used as sex objects by the media. But it may be seen as a psychological violence against women in general by those who disapprove of such treatment of women by the media. The protest campaigns organised recently by grass-root womens groups in India against the world beauty competition in Bangalore is an example of such differences of opinion. So is British law sufficient? Does it protect women adequately? There is generally are much greater awareness of domestic violence, and the criminality and culpability has increased some what over the last decade. Awareness has been heightened, although it can be argued that the piece meal legislation is unacceptable and there needs to be some joined up thinking insofar as this area of law is concerned. Whilst the new legislation is a move in that direction, it is a wasted opportunity as it is certainly desirable that the law on domestic violence should be consolidated.

Is it Literature? Essay -- Writing Storytelling Language Essays

Is it Literature? When most people consider how to tell a story, they think in terms of plot and character. While these are often the most visible aspects of a story, there is an underlying foundation of principles that support a well-told story. These principles could be compared to a house foundation. Without a solid foundation, the other effects of the house, its "character and design," cannot be fully enjoyed. In the same fashion, the principles of storytelling are also mostly out of sight, but the effect of badly laid story foundation has effects just as damaging as a badly constructed house foundation. The purpose of this essay is to lay out the principles, that well-constructed literature will contain, in a manner that they can be considered individually. The principles can also be understood as a unified piece of rationalism that offers an overview of what well constructed literature consists of, and how it is written. Understanding these principles should be able to help a reader to distinguish between well-constructed literature and what tries to pass as literature. Literature is a world where every character, every action, every element has meaning and purpose. This is what makes literature fundamentally different from life. Life offers facts that don't necessarily have a clear purpose, meaning or outcome; events that generate emotional states that have no clear purpose or fulfillment; or events that captivate the senses, but not in a meaningful, dramatic, or fulfilling way. Real life, then, can be chaotic, or appear to lack a desirable purpose and meaning. For example, we don't marry the love of our life... or we do, and then things can go terribly wrong. Or the one we love is taken from us by a freak accident. Or we work hard but don't get the rewards we desire. Even worse, the rewards may go to someone who appears to be completely undeserving of the reward and honour we've worked to attain. So real life can be painful, unpredictable, or even wildly rewarding, but in spite of our best-laid plans or efforts, we can never clearly predict the outcome of any action or actions. Most people, then, have a need for something that gives meaning and purpose to the events of life. This is what literature will do. However, the beautiful thing about literature is that it may do this, or it may do the exact opposite. It may leave issues or c... ...grew up there. We can readily internalise this story because it is about the universal human experience of self-realization. The plot, the movement of the story, is just a means to this end. Well-constructed literature, then, can be analysed by understanding these principles of storytelling. By exposing the reasons why we desire stories, and how well-constructed literature can meet these needs that we bring to it, I sought to reveal what well-constructed literature will contain and how to identify it. During the colloquies, I struggled with a definition of good literature. However, I came to the conclusion that well-constructed literature is not necessarily good literature, and vice versa. So, instead of trying to conclude what good literature is, I decided to tackle the idea of what well- constructed literature is. It is important to remain aware of the fact that good literature is many things to many people. Different people will try to reach a different type of fulfillment. In my opinion, it is impossible to judge or define good literature, one may only attempt to judge or define what well-constructed literature is, as I hope to have done here, in this essay, for you.